Selamat Kepada dosen teknik elektro Sekaligus kaprodi teknik elektro Ir. Habib Satria, M.T, IPP yang telah menyelasikan profesi insinyur di Universitas Diponegoro dengan predikat cumlaude, Semoga Ilmunya bisa di sebarlluaskan di lingkungan Universitas Medan Area dan Masyarakat luas.
Selamat kepada dosen teknik elektro Habib Satria, MT, IPP Yang Telah berhasil meraih Insinyur Profesional Pratama, Semoga Ilmunya dapat di Kembangkan DI Universitas Medan Area.
Kegiatan MKI (masyarakat ketanagalistrikan Indonesia) di Sumatera Utara Pameran Inovasi dan seminar nasional, Jalan Gagak Hitam, Gedung Rinroad Medan Bersama Kaprodi Teknik Elekro. Ir. Habib Satria, MT,IPP
Desain Transformator Tiga Fasa
Trafo listrik tiga fase banyak digunakan di berbagai peralatan untuk pengoperasian yang lancar dan aman. Trafo listrik tiga fasa disebut juga dengan trafo ABW, yang juga dikenal dengan nama superkonduktor. Ini adalah komponen utama dalam sejumlah peralatan elektronik. Misalnya, peralatan AB termasuk mesin mobil, pneumatik, AC, sistem pemanas rumah tangga, tungku berbahan bakar minyak, generator listrik, peralatan listrik kelautan dan satelit.
Transformator tiga fase pada dasarnya adalah sekelompok perangkat penerima yang dililit rapat atau diikat yang memiliki inti magnet permanen dan strip terminal dengan potongan kutub variabel. Mereka dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai transformator step-up atau step-down. Transformator tiga fase memiliki medan magnet yang diinduksi pada terminalnya oleh bagian kutub ketiga dari perangkat. Akibatnya, medan magnet bolak-balik yang muncul di perangkat menginduksi medan magnet kedua pada strip terminal lainnya. Arus sekunder dari perangkat kemudian diinduksi pada potongan kutub ketiga. Seperti namanya, arus yang dihasilkan dari trafo listrik berbanding lurus dengan tegangan induksi pada terminal.
Transformator tiga fasa dapat bekerja dengan sangat baik jika ditempatkan di lingkungan yang sedikit atau tanpa atmosfer. Satu-satunya cara untuk membuatnya bekerja secara efisien di lingkungan yang lembab dan lembab adalah dengan menggunakan bahan insulasi yang sesuai seperti insulasi papan serat epoksi. Selain itu, perlu untuk memasang insulasi dengan benar dengan menggunakan sambungan kait dan lubang tali yang benar. Penggulungan inti harus dilakukan dengan hati-hati untuk menghindari kemungkinan korsleting. Penting juga untuk memeriksa apakah belitan disejajarkan dengan benar sehingga kemungkinan kerusakannya minimal.
Untuk melindungi belitan primer dari benturan yang merugikan, strip pelindung tugas berat harus dipasang di bagian luar struktur terminal. Hal ini sangat penting untuk menjaga agar temuan tidak berputar dalam kondisi kecepatan tinggi. Ada banyak desain transformator tiga fase yang menggunakan pengait dari sisi sekunder dengan arah yang berlawanan dengan sisi primer untuk perlindungan. Ini lebih sulit dan tidak seefektif pendekatan pengkabelan langsung.
Biaya konfigurasi trafo listrik tergantung pada kerumitan desain dan jenis insulasi yang digunakan. Karena konfigurasi belitan bervariasi sesuai dengan lingkungan, ukuran belitan dan insulasi juga bervariasi, sehingga mempengaruhi harga transformator tiga fase. Pilihan terbaik adalah memanfaatkan layanan ahli listrik yang memenuhi syarat yang dapat membantu Anda dalam menyediakan trafo tiga fase terbaik dengan harga terjangkau.
Desain belitan sekunder memainkan peran penting dalam efisiensi perangkat. Ini juga menentukan efisiensi perangkat dalam hal mempertahankan muatan listrik. Tiga putaran utama ditempatkan pada poros baja untuk menimbulkan medan elektromagnetik. Gulungan sekunder terdiri dari kawat tembaga dengan ketebalan yang berbeda, yang diberi daya oleh belitan primer.
Did you know that over 90% of all problems related to refrigerators are caused by defective defrost thermostat? Why not avoid buying another faulty fridge altogether and save money? No need to purchase a brand new fridge ASAP. People who have recently suffered from a malfunctioning fridge can be very thankful to the internet forums as there are numerous forums and websites that offer valuable information regarding appliance repairs. People who are happy to share their experience with others are usually more than happy to solve any of their technical problems and to share their experience: as that is what good appliance repair technicians do.
One of the best ways to resolve a malfunctioning defrost thermostat is to change it as soon as possible. In fact, the longer you leave your fridge door open, the more time the coils inside it will take to re-establish the correct cold temperature. This will increase the risk of you having to manually defrost the refrigerator again. If this is not something you want to do then try to find out how to adjust the defrost settings yourself. It is possible to lower the inside temperature of the fridge freezer by as much as five degrees. There are also some products available on the market today that can lower the internal temperature by up to five degrees.
Another way of solving a malfunctioning defrost thermostat is to use a plug-in defrost heater. Plug in defrost heaters are extremely useful if you want to save on energy costs during the winter months when central heating systems are not working properly due to the inactivity of cooling systems. These appliances work by drawing warm air in from outside and pumping this warm air through the house via ducts. This action helps to keep the central heating system working properly but it also ensures that the coils in the refrigerator remain cool enough to prevent any malfunctioning.
If you have a malfunctioning defrost thermostat and you are still unsure about what to do, then you can place the temperature switch into the “off” position. Once you have done this then place the timer on the thermostat for a certain period of time (a minute or so). When the timer is placed to the off position, your thermostat will reset itself to the correct temperature. You will have to repeat the process every five to ten minutes.
Other problems relating to malfunctioning defrost thermostat include problems with the refrigerant leaking out of the refrigerator. This usually occurs when there is already a low level of refrigerant inside. If the problem is not fixed, the refrigerator may freeze and the shelf life of some perishable items may shorten. The proper way to solve this problem is to refill the refrigerator with cold water. You can also use ice cubes if you want to get rid of the spoiled food.
A Defrost Thermostat does not only prevent your refrigerator from having trouble starting; it also prevents problems relating to low level of the heating element. Some defective refrigerators will have the heating element fall below the required level. This will usually happen when there is already a low level of refrigerant inside. Repairing Defrost Thermostats on a regular basis can help you save more money on cooling and heating costs in the future.
In defrost model home systems, there is no need to open the fridge door and manually turn it on. The defrost cycle simply happens with no need for any manual initiation or control. As soon as the fridge door is opened, the freezer is cold and the system will begin the defrost cycle immediately. There is no need to wait for the food section to fully defrost before opening the fridge door. The fridge is always cold, so there is no extra warm air needed to initiate the defrost cycle.
The advantage of having a built in defrost system is that the entire space is defrosted. If the fridge is located in a room with flat floors, one may find that it is more difficult to keep all items frozen. This can be overcome by placing shelves or other devices that catch the falling food drops. Since a built in defrost heater has no need to be turned on when the fridge is defrosted, the possibility of leaving some food out or of defrosting the entire space is eliminated.
There are three types of Defrost Heaters available in the market: Heater element – In this model, the heating element is placed under the refrigerator and used for warming up the entire room. It includes the thermostat and an appropriate connector. The disadvantage is that it cannot be moved from its place; it cannot be tucked neatly under the cupboard. A good option for this type of appliance is the adaptive defrost heater. Adaptive defrost heaters are available in various sizes and have flexible mounting options.
Adjustable thermostat – This model is similar to the Heater element but has an adjustable thermostat that allows you to set the desired temperature. The advantage of this option is that it has an auto shut off feature and automatically enters into the on mode. The disadvantage is that the unit takes longer to enter the on mode and the food will be cold before the food is completely defrosted. The last type of refrigerator defrost heater is the multi-zone defrost timer.
Multi Zone Detector – This unit has a thermostat that is sensitive and is heated up using a compressor. It detects the change in temperature and triggers the compressor to warm the area in a few seconds. As soon as the desired temperature is reached by the processor, the compressor switches itself off and the thermostat returns to its original position allowing the old refrigerators to resume working.
The timer option uses a circuit to sense the room temperature and trigger the compressor. This can be an efficient way to use a defrost heater but only if the desired temperatures are consistently met. If you have an air conditioned home or workplace, then it may not be a good idea. Your other option would be to have a high powered blower fan that circulates air that will cool the area enough to kill any bacteria that may be operating in the area.
Electric motor consists of Rectangle of Wire ADCA. The wire is arranged in such a way that the magnetic field lines come out of the same pole to create a voltage across the terminals of terminals A and B. The ends of the wire are connected in series – P & Q. Split rings also act as a commutator which reverses the direction of electricity in the circuit. The total resistance of the system is obtained by connecting the terminals of terminals A and B together. The power rating provided by Electric motor is in Ohm.
There are two types of Electric Motors DC or Direct Current and AC or alternating current. AC is usually used for large Electric Motors; while DC is used for small ones. The DC one is made of two complementary winding devices that are the commutators and the rotor. The brushes of Electric Motor work on the principle of Electro-Acoustic Transducers. The electrical energy is passed trough the brush and it is converted into mechanical energy by the passage of the rotor blades. Hence, the speed and torque of the Electric motor are increased depending upon the intensity of the brush current flowing through the system.
AC Electric Motor works on the principle of Van De Graaff generator. Van De Graaff generators (VDS) are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. They use an AC motor to move a Van De Graaff generator, which spins the generator at high speeds. VDS can only be operated at high voltages; hence, AC electric motors are used to operate them at low voltages. The rotary speed of VDS is dependent upon the voltage. AC Electric motors have a different mechanism and work in a different manner from DC electric motors.
The next step in the series is to find out whether you need an AC Electric motor for your Electric motor. This next question has two answers, yes and no. If you want to build a very powerful Electric motor, then an AC motor will serve your purpose. Otherwise, you will be able to generate enough torque from a DC motor and this would make your Electric motor less powerful. Hence, the answer to this next question entirely depends upon your requirements.
The next step in the series is to find out whether you will be able to produce a torque capable of driving your desired speeds. Electric motors built with Permanent magnet Motor will produce more torque than AC motors. To find out the maximum torque your Electric motor will pull you will require Reverse Correlated Time and Price Analysis (RCTPA). RCTPA measures the time taken by an AC motor to spin a given speed versus the time required to spin a permanent magnet motor.
The final step in the series is to check out the power of your Motor. AC electric motors can store energy in their batteries, which will be later converted into direct current (DC). On the other hand, DC motors can be used to produce large amount of torque. In addition, AC electric motors are also used in applications requiring high frequency. Therefore, a proper comparison between all three phases of AC motor should be done before deciding which type of motor to use.
A cathode ray tube (CRT) is a type of vacuum tube with one or more ray beams, the rays of which are compressed into an electrical pulse for display on a substrate. The displayed image may represent digital waveform, electrical waveform, flat colors, or any other visible phenomenon. A CRT in a computer system is called a video tube. CRT monitors use a liquid crystal display panel to project the images onto a transparent panel. CRT monitors are widely used in many different types of businesses and industries because they offer excellent color and quality resolution and also are extremely low power-cost devices. However, CRT monitors do have their drawbacks.
CRT monitors use an electrical current to excite atoms in the glass sphere of the monitor, which causes them to emit light in the form of a beam of electrons. When an electron beam strikes a surface, it interacts with the surface and alters its energy state, creating a pixel. CRT’s have a high response time and can produce muddy or fuzzy images when the electron beam is unable to change the energy state of the pixel quickly enough. When multiple pixels are displayed, motion is often visible as the pixels fire simultaneously, leading to screen smearing.
Because of these traits, CRT’s are unsuitable for use in applications requiring fast image reproduction, such as computer graphics. Another issue CRT have is that they are limited in the types of imaging techniques they can use because they cannot capture the full electromagnetic field of a subject. To solve these problems, manufacturers have developed computer vision systems that include a small camera mounted on the motherboard and the ability to capture, process, and display the images.
The two main computer vision technologies include: static reduction transfer (SRT) and dynamics transfer. In a SRT technique, the electron gun is positioned above the cathode ray tube and it fires electrons in the form of a beam in front of the cathode ray tube, which is then reflected back into the machine. If two electrons are fired from the gun at different times, they will interact and split the beam in half, creating a pixel. Dynamics involves the movement of particles within an image, which can be controlled by various parameters such as exposure time, beam width, and electron damping.
Another common method used in computer vision is the use of pixel-shader software. The software uses images produced by the SCT for the source images and passes them through a computer graphics program that converts the image into a digital output signal. This signal is then sent to the target image, which is composed of red, blue, and green phosphors. By utilizing a series of pixels, a color filter can smooth the edges of a scene so that there are no artifacts when the electron beam hits the phosphors. This technique is widely used in medical imaging, such as radiology, and industrial applications.
The Cathode Ray Tube, or LED, is one of the most popular technologies used in LCD televisions. One reason for this popularity is the fact that it consumes only a small amount of electrical power, making it highly energy efficient. This efficient consumption also makes it possible for the Cathode Ray Tube to be incorporated into an LCD television set, as opposed to having to use a TV tube. The popularity of the Cathode Ray Tube can also be attributed to the fact that it took a long time for its adoption to grow into mainstream use, as inventors needed the time to perfect the technology and create a better picture for television sets.
Infrared, sometimes also known as infrared radiation, is radiant electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths much shorter than those of visible light, which is why it is invisible to the naked eye. However, it is also very warm, with temperatures as high as 2K (nearly 2 million degrees Fahrenheit) at the hottest. Because of this, many industrial processes involving burning, freezing, and grilling can be enhanced by using infrasonic heaters. Infrared light is also commonly known to encompass wavelengths in the visual spectrum from the ultraviolet red end of the visible spectrum to nearly 1.3 millimeters, to about half a millionths of a wavelength. This is one reason why many industrial devices, such as television sets, cars, and even some medical equipment, utilize infrared technology.
Infrared is thought to be useful in that it can help reduce the spread of many types of cancer. The infrared waves are thought to have holes in the middle, much like a “cavity.” This provides a means for damaging cancer cells without killing healthy tissue. In addition, the wavelengths are thought to have holes in them similar to those found in plant cells, and this may provide a way for exposing cancer cells without killing healthy cells.
Infrared light is similar in many ways to visible light, however, and the two forms have different applications. For example, when an object absorbs infrared radiation, it becomes colder. The thickness of this frost can vary, depending on the material the object is made of and the temperature. While objects which have undergone infrared heating are less likely to melt or expand, they are still warmer than their surroundings. When objects are heated within the near infrared waves, this absorption occurs quicker, and the resulting changes are often much more dramatic.
Infrared works on objects which are colder than the average human’s body, which makes it particularly effective in low-visibility situations. For example, snow and ice don’t break up into easily-moving bits because they are colder than the average human’s body. This makes snowplowing more difficult, and it means workers need to do their job slower to prevent an accident. In addition, if you had to look for something under your snowplow, you wouldn’t be able to see very well because it would be dark. If infrared saws are attached to the front of vehicles, they can help drivers find things beneath the snow because the heat from the engine is bouncing off of the underside of the plow and then hitting the infrared sensor, which then converts the temperature change into visible light.
The infrared spectrum is made up of seven different spectrums, all of which have their own purposes. The shortest wavelength has the lowest emissivity of all the spectrums, while the longest wavelength has the highest emissivity. The visible light spectrum consists of just the short wavelength rays and includes all of the colors we know and love, while the infrared spectrum includes red, green, and blue, as well as the colors of heat. In between these two spectrums lie gamma rays, which have the highest visible light emission and can penetrate objects many times larger than the eye could see.
A typical infrared scanner can scan an area about one centimeter across in less than a second. A handheld device is ideal for scanning large spaces, though handheld devices are typically used for surface surveys, rather than interior photography or remote sensing. It would be impractical to use one of these scanners inside of a passenger vehicle, but they make great survey tools because they are so easy and portable to use. If you want to keep track of your trucks or other vehicles in a parking lot, an infrared light source will help you see far away.
A thyristor is an electrical semiconductor device having four layers of N and P-type material. It behaves solely as a bistable switch; conducting only when the external voltage causes the gate to become non-bistable and proceeding to conduct when the external voltage is pulled away from the device. This simple device can be used in digital circuits where one or more input terminals require an electrical current to pass through them. There are two types of thyristors available, conductors or resistors, or coupled devices.
The most common use for a thyristor in digital circuits is as a linear regulator. A linear regulator is designed so that it only responds to the changes in the value of its input resistance. This is done by adjusting the control curve to a value where the output is dictated by the input current level.
A thyristor consists of a series of thin conductors bonded to a substrate, which is also in layered arrangement. The thin layer of layers make the thickness of the device less than the thickness of a single diode, thus enabling the current to pass through them without being negatively affected. The layers are generally made of P-type, N-type, or mixed materials, but the final choice of material depends on the application needs of the end application or the circuitry that the thyristor will be installed in.
While some companies use thyristors as a generic term for any type of semiconductor device, others prefer to label them with specific applications. Some examples include PMT (Pulse-regulated Transistor Technology), PMMA (Metal Oxide Semiconductor), and JEDEC (Just Inside Outside Circuit). Each of these specific acronyms corresponds to a specific p-type, N-type, or mixed material thyristor that is available for use in a specific application. Because of their flexibility and cost effectiveness in the market, many companies that utilize these in their designs and manufacturing processes prefer to purchase them in bulk so that they have a ready supply when required.
One example of a thyristor application is in the case of PMT. A thyristor is used to protect against the occurrence of excessive heat build-up within an anode. To accomplish this, the anode’s gate is attached to the base of the transistor using a positively-charged intermediary, which is called the gate electrode. Because heat builds up at the anode during startup and operation, the PMT protects against damage to the anode. Since most PMT is soldered to the aluminum base during production, it is important that the company purchasing them uses high quality products, which are subject to stringent testing standards.
There are several types of these products, each designed to deliver different results depending on the function involved. For example, a pilot light requires protection against the discharge of vapors during start-up. A gate drive requires protection against the build-up of solvents at the tip; and anodes require protection against excessive heat build-up. Thyristor devices with these four layers are therefore commonly called PMT (passive mpt) or GP TM (high-performance trimming valve) and are ideal for applications where speed, temperature and/or power are a concern.